助力绿色出行 | UNStudio的公共交通项目

Green Transportation
UNStudio Public Transport Projects

荷兰阿纳姆中央火车站 Arnhem Central Railway Station

今天是9月22日——世界无车日。无车日倡议的出现反映了人们对绿色出行、低碳生活的向往和期待。

UNStudio作为一家建筑设计事务所，始终对这个议题抱有浓厚的兴趣，在诸多公共交通项目的实践中，我们用设计鼓励人们绿色出行。

World Car-Free Day, as the name suggests, is an opportunity to highlight the benefits of going car-free. The day is celebrated every year on 22 September around the globe, which raises awareness of transportation alternatives and greener transportation. Most of UNStudio's milestone projects demonstrate the team's special interest in this topic.

未来绿色出行方式 ——城市缆车
Green Transporation - Urban Cable Cars 

1874年，当Andrew Hallidie发明全球第一座缆车系统时，彼时的缆车仅被用在旧金山陡峭山坡，用来传送物品、运送居民。随着汽车和地铁的普遍，人们甚至一度认为缆车只适用于山区。

In 1874, Andrew Hallidie invented the world’s first cable car transportation system, to help move goods and people more efficiently up the steep hills of San Francisco. After the turn of the century, as buses, metros and cars became more widely used in urban environments, cable cars were largely relegated to mountain and alpine settings.

瑞典哥德堡缆车 Gothenburg Cable Car

这一拥有4座车站和6座索道塔的缆车线路旨在为哥德堡市提供一条快速高效的空中交通。整条线路长约3公里，沿途还与公共汽车和电车转运站连接。车站安装有PVT板（光伏热复合太阳能集热器）可自行发电。PVT板集成在屋顶结构内，提供照明用电，也用于给地板和楼梯供暖。

The new cable car system will comprise four stations and six towers, which will provide fast and efficient aerial transport across the city. The 3km long Gothenburg cable car line links to a bus and tram transfer node. Energy is generated by the stations themselves by way of PVT panels (Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collectors) which are integrated within the roof structures to provide both electrical energy for lighting and thermal energy to heat floors and stairs.

*该方案于2017年获得竞赛一等奖，但因城市经费限制被迫暂停。

UNStudio won the first prize in 2017,but after budget constraints arose. Gothenburg decided to not go ahead with the cable car system.

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近年来，人们逐渐认识到缆车的优越性，并在城市交通设计中尝试引入这一交通工具。它的优势包括：施工建造周期短；占用土地面积小；运营和施工中的二氧化碳排量较低；可灵活接入现有的公交系统；是一种快速高效的跨城市空中交通工具......

But in recent decades, benefits of cable cars have been seen and they are introduced to urban public transportation system.  

俄罗斯布拉戈维申斯克缆车站 
Blagoveshchensk Cable Car Terminal, Russia

在中国的黑河与俄罗斯的布拉戈维申斯克之间隔着一条阿穆尔河。这条跨境缆车横跨阿穆尔河，连接这两座边境城市，满足城市间密切的关系。每个客舱可容纳60名乘客和额外的行李空间，整个行程约7.5分钟。

The new system will span the river Amur, connecting Russia to China and vice versa. The design entails the cable car terminal on the Russian side of the river, that will become a cultural and leisure destination, connecting the nearby cultural square with the Golden Milethat runs alongside the river.  Each passenger cabin will have a capacity of 60 passengers, with additional luggage spaces. The whole trip is about 7.5 minutes.

*项目获竞赛第一名。
UNStudio won the first prize.

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UNStudio创始人及首席建筑师Ben van Berkel这样评价缆车在城市出行中的地位：
“缆车系统不仅可以在我们不断发展的城市内部提供急需的可持续性交通，将分散的部分连接起来，而且，它让人们可以像“鸟儿”一样移动，绕过地面交通拥堵，为居民和游客提供快速、可靠、高效的交通方式。虽然其主要目的是为了满足实际的客运需要，但缆车也提供一种非常舒适的交通选择，它使我们能够以全新的方式欣赏和体验我们的城市。”

Ben van Berkel, Founder and Principal Architect introduces cable car:
 “A cable car system can not only provide much needed sustainable transport between otherwise disconnected parts of our growing cities, but by travelling ‘as the crow flies’ and by passing traffic congestion on the ground, it can ensure extremely fast, reliable and efficient travel for both residents and visitors alike. Although primarily a pragmatic solution, cable cars are also a very congenial way to travel as they enable us to see and experience our cities in a whole new way.”

荷兰阿姆斯特丹IJbaan缆车概念设计
Amsterdam IJbaan Cable Car Conceptual Design

缆车连接阿姆斯特丹北部和西部新开发区。设计方案包括两座车站、三个塔架；每个客厢可以容纳32-37名乘客，另外还设有可容纳4-6辆自行车的车舱。

The IJbaan Cable Car connects two Amsterdam-West and Amsterdam-Noord / NDSM. The design consists of three slender pylons and two stations. The passenger cabins have a capacity of 32 to 37 passengers, with additional bicycle cabins with space for 4 to 6 bikes.

未来绿色出行方式 —— 高速管道列车

 Green Transportation - Hyperloop

超高速管道列车运行依靠太阳能，是一个零排放的可持续运输系统。真空管道中的的磁悬浮列车将以600-1000公里/小时的速度行驶，速度可与飞机媲美。

Running on solar energy and producing zero emissions, the hyperloop is a sustainable transportation system in which magnetic hovertrains glide through air-free tubes at between 600 and 1,000km per hour – comparable with the speed of airplanes.

史基普机场Hardt超高速管道列车项目
Schipol Airport invovement in Hardt Hyperloop

UNStudio、史基普机场集团和荷兰公司 Hardt 超级高铁联合研究，希望借助超级高铁运输模式减少航空交通拥堵，使其适用于城市中心、交通枢纽、城市周边的场景环境。研究表明，Hardt非常适合用于短途旅行，例如从阿姆斯特丹到法兰克福的旅程仅需51分钟，比直飞航班缩短15分钟。

The study, jointly conducted by Schiphol Airport and Dutch company Hardt Hyperloop with the support of UNStudio's Futures team, looked at how the system could reduce air travel congestion. Our design foresees a series of tessellating components that allow the hyperloop hubs to adapt to a range of contexts: city-centre, city periphery or joint to an existing infrastructural hub, such as an airport. The journey from Amsterdam to Frankfurt, for example, would take 51 minutes – shaving about 15 minutes off the time of a direct flight.

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绿色出行的主角——城市地铁网

在引入地铁线网之前，汽车是多哈市民的主要出行方式。因此，地铁网络的主要目标之一便是打造新的高效可靠交通方案，鼓励人们让新的公共交通工具代替以往的私人交通工具。地铁站的设计在这一转变过程中变得尤为关键，它利用城市设计原则搭建公共空间，在步行环境中增强都市体验，引导多哈人培养新的出行习惯。

Prior to the introduction of the metro network last year, most people in Doha travelled by car. One of the key goals of the metro network is therefore to create an efficient and reliable service that encourages the use of publictran sport as a valid alternative to private transportation. The design of the stations plays a key role in this endeavour, by making use of urban design principles to create public spaces that enhance the urban experience at the pedestrian scale and build new habits for the Doha community.

多哈地铁线网  Doha Metro Network

2020年，UNStudi为多哈设计的项目一期（红线、绿线、金线）三条地铁线路及37座车站落成通车。为保证地铁网络的优质空间和辨识度，UNStudio与卡塔尔铁路建设部合作汇编《建筑设计品牌手册》。

In 2020, phase one of the Doha Metro Network involved the construction of three metro lines (Red, Green and Gold),with 37 stations have been completed. UNStudio created a vision for the station designs of the all-new DohaMetro Network, and collaborated with the Qatar Rail Architecture Department on the development of an 'Architectural Branding Manual'.

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绿色出行的主角——铁路枢纽

阿纳姆中央车站总体规划设计
Arnhem Central Masterplan

项目占地面积达40,000平方米，建筑面积160,000平方米，项目设计历时19年。

UNStudio设计范围包括：火车站换乘大厅、站台、隧道、巴士站、停车场、区域内公园和塔楼。

It is a large urban plan development with 40,000 sqm building site and 160,000 sqm building surface. UNStudio spends 19 years to design the diverse programmes and form one vibrand transport hub.

These include the transfer hall, train platforms, Park and Rijn Towers, car and bicycle parking, the Willems Tunnel and a bus terminal.

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